Assertion and Reason Practice Questions

5 questions per page • Detailed step-by-step solutions

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Question 36
Medium
The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 introduced separate electorates for Muslims in British India.|The colonial administration aimed to foster communal harmony and integrate religious minorities into unified legislative decision-making.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; the Indian Councils Act 1909 established separate electorates for Muslims. Reason (R) is false; the British policy explicitly aimed at deepening communal fissures (divide-and-rule) to check the rising nationalist tide, not promoting communal harmony. With (A) true and (R) false, option C is correct.
Question 37
Medium
Under Article 312 of the Constitution, a new All-India Service can be initiated only if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of members present and voting.|The IAS and IPS are deemed to be All-India Services created by Parliament under Article 312(2).
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; Article 312(1) confers exclusive initiating power on Rajya Sabha by 2/3 majority. Reason (R) is true; Article 312(2) deems these two services, which existed at commencement, to be All-India Services. That clause deals with existing services; it does not explain why a new service needs a Rajya Sabha resolution, which is about protecting state interests, so option B.
Question 38
Hard
The Indian National Congress accepted the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 in its entirety without any reservations.|The Cabinet Mission Plan categorically rejected the Muslim League's demand for a separate sovereign state of Pakistan.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: D

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is false; Congress did not accept the plan in its entirety. It rejected the compulsory grouping of provinces (Clauses 15 & 19) while accepting only the proposal to frame the Constituent Assembly. Reason (R) is true; the Cabinet Mission examined and explicitly rejected a separate sovereign Pakistan on administrative, geographical, and military grounds. With (A) false and (R) true, option D is correct.
Question 39
Easy
A person cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself in a criminal prosecution in India.|Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees protection of life and personal liberty.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; the right to silence and immunity from coerced confession is protected. Reason (R) is true; Article 21 bars deprivation of life or personal liberty except by procedure established by law. Article 21 is a broader right; the specific bar on compelled self-incrimination comes from Article 20(3), so option B.
Question 40
Medium
A person standing on a railway platform feels pulled towards a high-speed express train as it rushes past without stopping.|The passing train raises the air pressure on the side facing the person, pushing the person towards the train.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; pedestrians near fast trains experience an inward aerodynamic thrust. Reason (R) is false; fast-moving air between person and train has lower pressure, and the higher pressure behind the person does the pushing. With (A) true and (R) false, option C is correct.
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