Assertion and Reason Practice Questions

5 questions per page • Detailed step-by-step solutions

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Question 26
Easy
A person with blood type AB-positive is recognized as the universal red blood cell recipient.|AB-positive individuals naturally possess high concentrations of anti-A and anti-B antibodies circulating within their blood plasma.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; AB+ individuals can receive erythrocytes from all donor types. Reason (R) is false; AB-positive blood contains NEITHER anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in its plasma (if it did, it would lyse its own cells). It is a universal recipient precisely because it lacks these antibodies. With (A) true and (R) false, option C is correct.
Question 27
Medium
A piece of iron rusts considerably faster in saline seawater than in pure inland freshwater.|Seawater has an average salinity of about 35 parts per thousand.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; maritime metal structures rust far more aggressively. Reason (R) is true; open-ocean salinity averages close to 35‰. A salinity figure alone does not state the mechanism; faster rusting is due to dissolved ions raising conductivity in the corrosion cell, so option B.
Question 28
Medium
A real image formed by a single concave mirror is always inverted.|Real optical images are produced by the actual convergence and intersection of reflected light rays.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: B

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; for real objects, single concave mirror real images are inverted. Reason (R) is true; real images are formed by convergent intersecting rays that can be captured on a screen. While both statements are true, ray convergence in (R) merely defines a 'real image'; inversion is caused by rays crossing over the principal axis due to reflection geometry, which is not stated in (R); hence option B.
Question 29
Medium
The Finance Bill introduced during the Union Budget contains proposals for both new tax impositions and departmental expenditure allocations.|Expenditure allocations for ministries are introduced separately through Demands for Grants and the Appropriation Bill under Article 114.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: D

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is false; the Finance Bill deals strictly with revenue mobilization, tax alterations, and duties (Article 110(1)(a)), NOT expenditure authorizations. Reason (R) is true; expenditure withdrawals from the Consolidated Fund of India require the Appropriation Bill under Article 114. With (A) false and (R) true, option D is correct.
Question 30
Medium
A magnetic dipole placed in a uniform magnetic field experiences zero net translational force.|A magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field experiences neither force nor torque in any orientation.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: C

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; in a uniform B-field, a bar magnet experiences a torque (τ = m × B) but zero net force. Reason (R) is false; the net force is zero, but a torque τ = m × B acts whenever the dipole is not aligned with the field. With (A) true and (R) false, option C is correct.
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