Assertion and Reason Practice Questions

5 questions per page • Detailed step-by-step solutions

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Question 16
Medium
The Indian National Congress accepted the Mountbatten Plan of June 3, 1947, agreeing to the partition of British India.|Congress leadership concluded that immediate partition was the only viable alternative to rampant communal riots and prolonged administrative paralysis.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; Congress Working Committee formally approved the June 3 Plan. Reason (R) is true; widespread carnage (Direct Action Day, Noakhali, Rawalpindi riots) and the League's deadlocks in the Interim Government convinced Patel and Nehru that a truncated independent state was better than total civil war. (R) directly explains the tragic political decision in (A).
Question 17
Easy
Tempered safety glass shatters into sharp, jagged, needle-like shards upon receiving a localized impact.|Tempering introduces uniform tensile stress throughout the entire cross-section of the glass pane.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: E

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is false; tempered glass shatters into small, blunt, granular cubes (dicing), designed explicitly to prevent lacerations. Reason (R) is false; tempering induces high compressive stress on outer surfaces balanced by internal tensile stress in the center—not uniform tension throughout. Both (A) and (R) are false, so option E is correct.
Question 18
Medium
The Lok Sabha has equal constitutional power with the Rajya Sabha with respect to the passage of a Constitution Amendment Bill.|Under Article 368 of the Constitution, a Constitution Amendment Bill must be passed by each House separately by a special majority, and there is no provision for a joint sitting to resolve a deadlock.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: A

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is true; unlike ordinary bills where the larger Lok Sabha can override Rajya Sabha in a joint sitting, both Houses hold identical veto powers on constitutional amendments. Reason (R) is true; Article 368 mandates separate passage by a majority of total membership and 2/3 of members present and voting in each House, completely excluding Article 108 joint sittings. (R) directly explains why their powers are co-equal.
Question 19
Easy
A person suffering from myopia (near-sightedness) is prescribed a biconvex lens for vision correction.|A biconvex lens converges incoming parallel light rays before they enter the cornea.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: D

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is false; myopia causes light to converge in front of the retina, requiring a diverging (concave) lens to shift the focal plane onto the retina—not a convex lens. Reason (R) is true; biconvex lenses are converging lenses that converge incoming rays. With (A) false and (R) true, option D is correct.
Question 20
Hard
The Governor of an Indian State can promulgate ordinances when both houses of the State Legislature are in session.|The Governor's ordinance-making power under Article 213 is co-extensive with the legislative power of the State Legislature.
A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
E Both (A) and (R) are false.
Correct Answer: D

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is false; under Article 213, an ordinance can ONLY be promulgated when the Legislative Assembly (or both houses in a bicameral legislature) is NOT in session. Reason (R) is true; the Governor's ordinance-making capacity is co-extensive with legislative competence regarding subjects under State and Concurrent lists. With (A) false and (R) true, option D is correct.
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